தோழர்களே நாம் இங்கே மூல ஆங்கிலகட்டுரையும் அதன் சுருக்கமான ஒலி வடிவமும் ஆங்கிலபிரதியையும் இங்கே பதிவு செய்துள்ளோம்...
மார்க்சின் முனைவர் பட்ட ஆராச்சிக்கான கட்டுரைகள் (இங்கே ஆங்கில பகுதிகளின் சுருக்கம்)
இந்தப்பகுதியை ஒலி வடிவில் கேட்க இந்த இணைப்பை அழுத்தவும் தோழர்களே
I. The Subject of the Treatise
II. Opinions on the Relationship Between Democritean and
Epicurean Physics
III. Difficulties Concerning the Identity of the
Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature
IV.
General Difference in Principle Between the Democritean and Epicurean
Philosophy of Nature
V.
Result
Part
Two: Difference between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature in
detail
Chapter One:
The Declination of the Atom from the Straight Line
Chapter Two:
The Qualities of the Atom
Chapter Three: Atomoi archai and atoma stoicheia
Chapter Four: Time
Chapter Five: The Meteors
Appendix Critique
of Plutarch's Polemic against the Theology of Epicurus
II.
Individual Immortality
1. On Religious Feudalism. The
Hell of the Populace
2. The Longing of the Multitude
3. The Pride of the Elected
Notes
I. On Religious Feudalism. The Hell of the Populace
II. Opinions on the Relationship between Democritean and Epicurean Physics
(notes)
III. Difficulties concerning the Ientity of the Democritean and Epicurean
Philosophy of Nature. (notes)
IV. General Difference in Principle between the Democritean
and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature
Preliminary
Note
I.
The Relationship of Man to God
1. Fear and the Being
Beyond
2. Cult and the Individual
3. Providence and the Degraded God
First Notebook
Diogenes Laertius, Book TenEpicurus
“ ...but on coming across the
works of Democritus [Epicurus] turned to philosophy.” p. 10.
(Posidonius the Stoic and
Nicolaus and Sotion in the twelfth book of the work entitled Dioclean
Refutations allege) “... that he put forward as his own the doctrines
of Democritus about atoms and of Aristippus about pleasure.” p. 11.
“I [Epicurus] know not how to
conceive the good, apart from the pleasures of taste, [sexual pleasures,] the
pleasures of sound and the pleasures of beautiful form.” p.12.
“Among the early philosophers ...
his favourite was Anaxagoras, although he occasionally disagreed with him....”
p. 16.
End of the tenth book of Diogenes Laertius Epicurus to
Herodotus
“In the first place ... we must
understand what it is that words denote, so that we have something to which we
can refer opinions or inquiries or doubts, and by which we can test them, and
so that everything does not slip from us into infinity without our having a
judgment on it and that we are not left with mere empty words. For it is
necessary that the original meaning of every word should be perceived and need
no proof. if we want to have something to which we can refer inquiries or
doubts or opinions.” pp. 30-31.
It is significant that Aristotle,
in his Metaphysics, makes the same remark on the relation of
language to philosophising. Since the ancient philosophers, not excluding the
Sceptics, all begin by presupposing consciousness, a firm foothold is necessary
.This is provided by the concepts presented in knowledge in general. Epicurus,
being the philosopher of the concept, is most exact in this and therefore
defines these fundamental conditions in greater detail. He is also the most
consistent and, like the Sceptics, he completes ancient philosophy, but from
the other side.
Marx’s Notebooks on Epicurean
Philosophy
Second Notebook
I. Diogenes Laertius, Book Ten, Commentary by Gassendi Epicurus
to Herodotus. Continued
“We must not investigate time as
we do the other accidents which we investigate in a subject, namely, by
referring them to the preconceptions envisaged in our minds; but we
must take into account the plain fact itself, in virtue of which we
speak of time as long or short... We must not adopt any new terms
as preferable, but should employ the already existing ones; nor
must we predicate anything else of time, as if this something had the same
essence as the proper meaning of the word; ... but we must chiefly
reflect upon how we associate and measure what is peculiar to it.” “For this
also requires no proof, but only reflection that we associate it with days and
nights and their parts and likewise also with feelings and absence of feeling,
with movement and rest, conceiving a peculiar attribute of these to be
precisely that which we call time.” pp. 52-53 [... ] and all things are again
dissolved [ ... ].” p. 53.
முழு ஆங்கிலப்பகுதியும் இந்த இணைப்பை அழுத்தி வாசிக்கலாம் தோழர்களே
தொடர்புடைய கட்டுரைகள்:
முந்தைய பகுதியை காண இந்த இணைப்பை அழுத்தவும் தோழர்களே
***
எமது இலக்கு இணைய இதழ்-ன் மார்க்சிய லெனினிய சிந்தனைகளைத் தொடர்ந்து வாசிக்க எம்மைப் பின்தொடரவும்.
கருத்துகள் இல்லை:
கருத்துரையிடுக